Showing posts with label Italy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Italy. Show all posts

Sunday, 22 June 2014

Pope John Paul II shot (1981)

Daily Mirror dated Thursday May 14th 1981
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Polish born Pope John Paul II was shot and badly wounded as he entered St Peter's Square in the Vatican by a Turkish gunman, Mehmet Ali Ağca, who was immediately captured. The Pope recovered after major surgery and went on to survive another assassination attempt in 1982. The gunman was given a life sentence, but pardoned in 2000 and extradited to Turkey where he was arrested for an earlier murder and given 10 years and released in 2010.

Wednesday, 14 May 2014

Random Cuttings - Mussolini resigns and Italy Surrenders (1943)

26th July 1943
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9th September 1943
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Benito Mussolini had been politically insecure since the war in North Africa had started to turn against the Axis powers in late 1942. Unrest at home with strikes, inflated food prices and an unwelcome German army presence along with the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943 led to the Dictator 'resigning' i.e. being called to the King's palace and told he was being replaced and then arrested. 

Mussolini's replacement, Marshal Pietro Bagdoglio negotiated an armistice with the Allies and the surrender was announced on the 8th September, the day Allied troops landed on mainland Italy. The Italian government declared War on Germany on the 13th but the Italian Army didn't actually fight the Germans who were still occuping a large part of the country. It took the Allies until April 1945 to clear the Germans out.

Sunday, 2 February 2014

Italian Earthquake

Daily Herald dated Thursday 24th July 1930


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This 6.6 magnitude earthquake happened during the night of the 22nd/23rd July 1930 in the Irpinia region of Italy with an eventual death toll of 1,404 people and over 70,000 made homeless. Also known as the Vulture Earthquake it is listed as the most destructive in Italy's history.

Sunday, 14 July 2013

Rommel Launches Big Blow at Americans

Sunday Graphic dated Sunday April 4th 1943
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Big blow or not, a couple of days later (April 6th) the Italians and German Afrikakorps were defeated at the Battle of Wadi Akarit and by May 13th the German and Italian forces in Tunisia surrendered to the Allies.
Erwin Rommel was well respected not only by his own men, but, surprisingly, by his counterparts in the British and American armies. In 1944 he was involved in a failed conspiracy to overthrow Hitler and was forced to choose between being tried, convicted and executed along with his family or committing suicide. He chose suicide and was buried as a Nazi hero.

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Benito Mussolini had been politically insecure since the war in North Africa had started to turn against the Axis powers in late 1942. Unrest at home with strikes, inflated food prices and an unwelcome German army presence along with the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943 led to the Dictator being ousted and arrested. Unfortunately this didn’t mean that the Allies could just walk in and take over. There was another year of bitter fighting before the Germans were cleared from the country. 

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No trains, no petrol for cars and no extra buses, but apart from that, have a good Easter Holiday!

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70,000 children cannot be traced! Why isn’t this front-page news? Are they really lost or just not in London anymore? Are the ones ‘drifting back’ part of the 70,000? Were they ever found? Are they still out there? What is this snippet really about?

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Maybe this is where the 70,000 lost children have gone – to Lord Woolton’s agricultural holiday camps.  Lord Woolton became the Minister for Food in 1940 and it was because of his management of food rationing that on the whole the British people all got a fair share of what food was available. He even had a pie named after him, though I doubt you’ll find one in Tesco’s these days.

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This was a common type of wartime news item; quoting increased production figures to boost moral; rather in the style of the USSR Agricultural 5 Year Plan updates that peppered Russian news in the Communist era. 

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‘Failure to comply’ to the Nurses and Midwives Order 1943 was ‘punishable by fine, imprisonment or both’ Civil liberties? You must be joking – we’re at war, Love.

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In 1940 the clocks in Britain were not put back by an hour at the end of Summer Time i.e. not reset to GMT. From then until 1945 clocks continued to be advanced by one hour each spring and put back by an hour each autumn, so for these summers Britain was two hours ahead of GMT and operating on British Double Summer Time. Note the reminder on the front page.

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After World War I, Sir Percy Robert Laurie KCVO CBE DSO had been a Deputy Assistant Commissioner and an Assistant Commissioner in the Metropolitan Police. He retired in 1936 but was recalled in 1939 to be Assistant Chief Constable of the War Department Constabulary and then the Provost-Marshal of the United Kingdom until this little problem got in the way. His conviction was later quashed on the basis that ‘he had simply made a mistake’.

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King Feisal (or Faisal) II of Irak (or Iraq) succeeded his father just a month shy of his 4th birthday. He was murdered during a coup in 1958.

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Orson Welles' ‘Citizen Kane’ has been long regarded as the best film ever made by those that should know, so it is interesting to see it referred to, along with his second film ‘The Magnificent Embersons’ (sic), as ‘badly received by the British public’.
Johnny Weissmuller (as Tarzan) and Maureen O’Sullivan (as Jane) had made 6 movies for MGM, but when this Tarzan-meets-the-Nazis propaganda flick was made at RKO Maureen bowed out. In the plot Jane is on holiday! She never returned to the jungle. Johnny did 5 more Tarzans plus 13 Jungle Jim films and a TV series.
‘Colonel Blimp’ has a well deserved reputation as a clever satire.  

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Scientists and MPs plan Britain’s post-War future based entirely on the ‘inexhaustible supplies’ of coal – oops! At least they correctly predicted the ‘electrification of the railways’.

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There must be hundreds of authors who were household names in their day, but who are now all but forgotten. Rex Beach was an American novelist, playwright and Olympic silver medallist water-polo player (1904 St Louis) who spent 5 years in Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush and wrote several very popular novels in the Jack London idiom. His second, ‘The Spoilers’, was filmed 5 times. After the death of his wife he committed suicide in 1949.

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A lot of the older papers (1920’s-1930’s) I have blogged have had episodes of fiction serials in them, which I haven’t posted because 1 day’s excerpt of a story would be pointless, however this paper has this complete short story written by Wing-Commander (later Group Captain) Leonard Cheshire who went on to win the Victoria Cross in 1944. See this post for more on Leonard Cheshire.

Sunday, 2 June 2013

Jack Hobbs equals W G Grace's record

Daily Graphic dated Tuesday August 18th 1925
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It’s time to make up for my various ignorant (in the sense of un-informed) comments on sport by posting a sport-themed front page.
The cricketer Jack Hobbs equalled W G Grace’s 126 centuries in 1925 but went on to get 197 first-class cricket centuries before his retirement in 1934, and this still stands as the record.
For those who, like me, didn’t know, W G Grace’s cricket career ran from 1864 until 1908, he was 50 years old when he retired and he was a qualified and practising medical doctor.

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King Feisal (now normally spelled Faisal) became King of Iraq after a plebiscite ‘rigged’ by British business interests, in 1921. Alec Guinness played him in the 1962 film ‘Lawrence of Arabia’.

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Typical of 1920’s tabloids, several pages are taken up with these short news items.
I presume the ‘manifesto’ distributed to the Limehouse householders was created by a painting and decorating firm.
The first automated traffic lights at junctions didn’t appear until 1927.

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This was the time when it was still seriously predicted that many people would use aeroplanes to get around the country instead of cars, buses or trains.

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Gertrude Ederle had been part of the US 4x100m Relay Gold Medal winning team in 1924. This attempt to swim the Channel ended badly when she was disqualified after a misunderstanding. Her support thought she was drowning and pulled her out. She said she was resting by floating face-down. She returned in 1926 and successfully completed a France to England crossing. She died in 2003 at the age of 98.

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The British and the weather! If it’s hot then it’s too blasted hot or they are worried its not going to last.

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Benito Mussolini’s National Fascist Party governed Italy from 1922 until 1943 with Mussolini as Dictator from January 1st 1925. Soldiers with funny hats and bicycles may look like something out of a Carry On film but the Abyssinians (Ethiopians) weren’t laughing when Mussolini’s army and airforce invaded in 1936.  

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I don’t know how this story panned out but I suspect it was either suicide or an accidental overdose. Prussic acid is another name for Hydrogen cyanide and is extremely poisonous to humans.

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Radio broadcasting for entertainment in Britain, i.e. the BBC, was a little less than 3 years old in August 1925. The London transmitter was known as 2LO and Daventry was 5XX. Exciting trivia fact – the famous BBC Shipping Forecast began life on 5XX.

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This illustration accompanied the daily fiction serial in the Graphic. Two things, pen and ink illustration and fiction stories, which no longer enhance our tabloids.

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“By Gad, Sir! It may be cheap but it’s probably some damned foreign chow. Gives the memsahib Delhi-belly just to look at it. Pass the HP Sauce!”

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I never realised that we grew tobacco here in England. This picture was probably taken on Mr Brandon's Church Crookham tobacco farm, which was active from 1911 until 1937.







Sunday, 19 May 2013

France signs Armistice

Sunday Express dated Sunday June 23rd 1940

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What doesn't show on these scans is that between the top and bottom halves of the front page there are a couple of lines of text missing due to the fold being badly frayed and split. This is what happens when old papers, particurarly broadsheets, are stored folded.

Launched in October 1936, the Scharnhorst battleship was doing a lot of damage to allied shipping in the North Atlantic having sunk the aircraft carrier HMS Glorious on June 8th. The Scharnhorst survived the attacks described above and was finally sunk on December 26th 1943 with the loss of over 1900 lives.

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The German Army had marched into Paris on June 14th 1940 and on the 22nd an armistice was signed and France was divided into the Occupied Zone and the so-called Free Zone under the control of Marshal Philippe Pétain. The occupied zone covered most of Northern and Western France, which brought the German Army to within 22 miles of the English coast and a cross-Channel invasion was thought to be inevitable.


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Not as poetic as Henry V’s Agincourt speech but stirring words at a very dark time for Great Britain.

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Ernest Bevin was the Minister for Labour in Churchill’s all-party coalition government from 1940 until 1945. Due to the wartime special powers he had absolute control over the British workforce and he used it to concentrate the labour effort towards supporting the War. 

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The Krupp industrial empire dates back to 1810. Leading up to and during World War II they concentrated on military supplies including Panzer tanks and U-Boats. At the end of the War the company’s executives were put on trial for their use of slave labour in their factories. 

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His Majesty’s Trawler Moonstone was part of the 4th Anti-Submarine Group in the Mediterranean before moving to Aden where she captured the Italian submarine Galileo Galilei, which was then re-christened HMS X2 and was then used mainly for training.

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Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s USSR had signed a non-aggression treaty in August 1939 but by June 1940 the cracks were beginning to show and twelve months later Germany invaded the USSR.


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Anderson shelters were made out of corrugated steel panels and they had to be buried in the ground and covered with soil to be effective against bomb blast damage. After the War many gardens, my parents’ included, sported sheds made out of dug up shelters. 

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If you want to know whether Hitler would have made a ‘good boss’ or not, read CJ Sansom’s latest novel ‘Dominion’, which uses the idea that Churchill turned down the offer to lead the country in 1940 and consequently Britain surrendered to Nazi Germany.

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I can see why the football and horse-racing stories were suppressed, presumably any mention of the current weather might help the enemy who might be listening in, but what was the problem with the Italian ship story and the, albeit over simplified, account of Churchill becoming Prime Minister. The Duke of Kent may have received a white feather but was actually an active member of the RAF and was subsequently killed in a Short Sunderland flying boat crash on his was to Iceland in 1942.

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In May 1940 Anthony Eden the Secretary of State for War announced the formation of the Local Defence Volunteers and in July 1940 Churchill had them renamed as the Home Guard.

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Somerset Maugham had lived on the French Riviera since 1926 but when the Nazi’s invaded France he sought refuge on a coal barge. It took him 20 harrowing days to get to England. After a short recovery he moved to the USA for the rest of the War.
Mary Borden was an American author and a quick look at Amazon shows only one book currently in print - The Forbidden Zone: A Nurse's Impressions of the First World War. In both World Wars she ran volunteer Ambulance services in combat zones. She died in 1968.
The other, and probably most famous, author to have been trapped in France at this time was P G Wodehouse as a recent TV play and a documentary showed.

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I’m not sure the headline is accurate- the families weren’t lost. They knew where they were – living in the Andes but cut-off from the civilised world, which given the situation at the time, was no bad thing. 

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Canada had its own fascists to worry about so I think the furthest West our internees travelled was to the Isle of Man. Sir Oswald Mosley was held in Brixton and then in a special co-habitation wing of Holloway with his wife, Diana Mitford.

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The Sunday Express showing its right-wing credentials with its choice of quotes about Conscientious Objectors. Unlike in the Great War the C O’s didn’t face automatic imprisonment but were given a choice of non-combat roles and many served as front line medical support and in bomb disposal units as well as essential war work on the Home Front. See the Peace Pledge Union website for historical and current information.